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Subject:
From:
Joe Fjelstad <[log in to unmask]>
Reply To:
TechNet E-Mail Forum <[log in to unmask]>, [log in to unmask]
Date:
Fri, 5 Jun 2009 14:56:34 EDT
Content-Type:
text/plain
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text/plain (999 lines)
Hi Bev
 
Thanks I did not pick up on the earlier comment. That reminded me  that 
IPC-7094, Design and Assembly Process Implementation for Flip Chip  and Die 
Size Components is out there and should have a good bit of  information. 
 
Very best, 
Joe  
 
 
In a message dated 6/5/2009 11:05:00 A.M. Pacific Daylight Time,  bchr
[log in to unmask] writes:

Joe,
Perhaps you have not been following the thread.  Voids  are included.
So, here is the WHOLE THING plus with Bob's contribution  added in.
I'm getting requests to add in flip chip underfill, no flow  underfill
and corner bond adhesives.  Groan.  :) 

So there  isn't anything already for flips chips? I've never used one, so
I don't  know.  Anyone want to write a section of two?   :)
Bev

Workmanship Standards for BGA and CSP  Underfills

Target - Class 1,2,3
*    Component requiring  underfill completely underfilled with a good
fillet all the way around, the  fillet just approaching the maximum
component body height, completely  cured, no encroachment onto other
components and no voiding  whatsoever

Acceptable - Class 3
*    At least 50% fillet  height up the side of the component body

*    Small pin holes  and voids are permissible provided they do not
exceed 95% of fillet surface  area and have a maximum diameter of 0.5 mm
(0.020  inches).

Acceptable - Class 1,2
*    Component requiring  underfill underfilled such that all balls
are covered, but no evidence of  an exterior fillet, no encroachment onto
other components and no voiding  whatsoever

*    Component requiring underfill underfilled  such that all balls
are covered, with or without an exterior fillet, no  encroachment onto
other components and only small voids, not touching any  solder joints

*    Component requiring underfill underfilled  such that all balls
are covered, with or without an exterior fillet, no  encroachment onto
other components and even large voiding, but not touching  any solder
joints

*    A void or voids less than or equal  to 50% around the perimeter
of one or more solder joints

Defect -  Class 1,2,3
*    Underfill completely missing from components  where it is
required

*    Underfill not completely  covering all the peripheral solder
joints

*    Voiding  such that a void traverses the distance between two or
more solder joints  under the array device requiring underfill

*    A void or  voids more than 50% around the perimeter of one or
more solder  joints

*    Material extending on to the top of the BGA or  CSP

*    Uncured material

*    Underfill  interfering with proper placement of heatsink

*    There  should be no evidence of underfill flowing out through
holes under the  device.

*    After curing there should be no visual evidence  of cracks
between the device surface, underfill or board.

*   There should be no evidence of damage to the board or device
caused  by contact with the dispensing needle or height sensor.
*     Underfill filler shows evidence of separation

Special Conditions -  Class 1,2
*    Encroachment onto other components, but meeting  all other
criteria above for target or acceptable conditions will be dealt  with as
a pass/fail on a case-by-case basis



-----Original  Message-----
From: TechNet [mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of Joe  Fjelstad
Sent: Friday, June 05, 2009 12:56 PM
To:  [log in to unmask]
Subject: Re: [TN] Underfill Workmanship Pass/fail Criteria  Proposal

Hi Bev

I am guessing that it is being assumed but might  be worth a statement
about 
voids (or lack thereof ;-) . 

Very  best, 
Joe


In a message dated 6/5/2009 8:53:33 A.M. Pacific  Daylight Time,  
[log in to unmask] writes:

Bob and  other  TechNetters,
I have taken what has been said and added, especially   from Bob's work, 
more failure criteria for all classes of products. Here  they  are:

*    Underfill interfering with proper  placement of  heatsink

*    There should be no evidence  of underfill  flowing out through holes

under the  device.

*    After curing  there should be no visual  evidence of cracks between
the 
device surface,  underfill or  board.

*    There should be no evidence of  damage to  the board or device
caused 
by contact with the dispensing needle  or  height sensor.

*    Underfill filler shows evidence  of  separation

I have still no definitive statements about small  amounts of  underfill
on 
an upper horizontal surface of a  component (Graham Collin's  issue).
Note I 
did not necessarily  mean the top of the component. And  the second one
is 
underfill on  surrounding components.  Remember us  handset people have
NO  
SPACE.  Forget about keep-out zones for needle   maneuver!

Further comments?

Bev 


-----Original   Message-----
From: Bob Willis [mailto:[log in to unmask]] 
Sent:   Friday, June 05, 2009 2:54 AM
To: 'TechNet E-Mail Forum'; Bev   Christian
Subject: RE: [TN] Underfill Workmanship Pass/fail Criteria   Proposal

Bev I am very sorry but I did not send my old text as I  agreed  after my
trip, I just could not find it as it dated back to  May 2001. I  never
sorted
out the images for the flip chip and uBGA  from my libarary for  the
posters/wall charts.

The draft text  is below which I actually  found on line at SMTNet Forum
with
three  comments see   link:

http://www.smtnet.com//forums/index.cfm?fuseaction=view_thread&CFApp=1&T
hrea
d_ID=1600&#Message6706   




Here is a draft visual inspection guide for  underfill,  please pass this
on
to the relevant people for any  comments or suggestions.  I am currently
working on the pictures to go  with the reference  guide.

Flip Chip/uBGA Underfill Visual  Standards

The aim of this  document is to produce some draft text  and then select
photographs to make  up a draft visual standard for  inspection. There is

also
a need to produce  some reference  material for C Scan images.

The following images provide  a guide  to the inspection requirement
after 
the
underfilling  operation.  They may also be applied after curing of   the
underfill.

CLASSIFICATION OF QUALITY STANDARDS

During  the  assessment the following classifications, which  are
pictorially
illustrated, should  apply:

SATISFACTORY

This is a  satisfactory condition which  should be achieved and used as
the
standard  for  manufacture.

ACCEPTABLE

This condition represents the   maximum acceptable departure from the
"Satisfactory" condition.  Examples  within this limit of deviation will
not
require  reworking. Individual  clarification accompanies each  example
illustration. Consideration should  be given to modification  to the
process
materials or   conditions.

UNACCEPTABLE

This applies to an unacceptable   condition which should not be reworked
without the cause of the fault  being  established. Rework may be
possible
after assessment of the  fault and  corrective action taken on the
process.
Flip Chip/uBGA  Underfill Visual  Standards

Satisfactory
The underfill should  be visible at the edge  of the device and extend
completely around  the  perimeter.

Satisfactory
The underfill should be visible on  all four  sides, there may be
evidence of
more material on one or  two sides to aid  complete filling of  device
base.

Satisfactory
The underfill if by  design should  be visible on the side of the device
and
reach a minimum  height of  25% of the thickness of the package.

Satisfactory
The base  of  the device should be completely filled with no evidence of 
voids
in  the  underfill or solder joints being visible around the perimeter  of

the
device.

Satisfactory
Curing of the underfill  material should  be compared with the reference
colour standards.  Evidence of colour change  illustrates a  correctly
cured
sample.

Acceptable
Flow out of  underfill  from the device is acceptable provided that it
does
not  completely  cover any solder joints. Flow out on to test points,   
through
holes is unacceptable and needs to be reworked and the  process
modified.


Acceptable
Small bubbles in the surface of  the  underfill fillet is acceptable
provided
that no solder joint  is  visible.

Acceptable
Evidence of a needle dispense pattern  around the  device is acceptable,
the
width of the pattern should  be kept to a  minimum.

Acceptable
The underfill if by design  should be visible on  the side of the device
and
reach a height of  no less than 20% of the  thickness of the package in
the
centre of  any  side.

Acceptable
Underfill fillets which are not visible  on the side  of the device are
not
rejectable, however  modifications to the dispense  process should  be
made

Unacceptable
There is no evidence of  underfill on  the top side of the device

Unacceptable
Curing of the   underfill should be compared with the reference colour
standards. No   evidence of colour change is unacceptable.

Unacceptable
The   underfill is not visible along the complete side of any   device

Unacceptable
Solder joints are visible without underfill  on  the side of the device

Unacceptable
There should be no  evidence of  underfill flowing out through holes
under   
the
device.

Unacceptable
After curing there should be no  visual  evidence of cracks between the 
device
surface, underfill  or  board.

Unacceptable
There should be no evidence of damage  to the  board or device caused by
contact with the dispensing needle  or height  sensor.

When using CSAM to asses the  underfilling/curing process the  following
criteria may  apply:

Satisfactory
Underfill is complete  and there is no  evidence of voiding between the 
device
and the   board.

Acceptable
Underfill is complete and there is evidence  of  small voids of less than
50%
of the solder bump diameter. There  is no  evidence of voids  around
solder
joints.

Unacceptable
After curing  there  should be no evidence of cracks between the device
surface, underfill   or board.

Unacceptable
Underfill is incomplete and there is  evidence  of voids around or
between 
the
solder   joints

Unacceptable
Underfill is complete but there is evidence  of  voids which are larger
than
50% of the solder   bump

Unacceptable
Underfill filler shows evidence of separation  or  uneven flow and will
expansion matching and affect the  long-term  reliability.


Draft Produced by Bob  Willis
28/5/2001 Issue  4.


Bob Willis
2 Fourth Ave,  Chelmsford, Essex, CM1 4HA  England
Tel: (44) 1245 351502
Fax: (44)  1245 496123
Mobile: 07860   775858
www.ASKbobwillis.com
www.SolderingStandards.com 

PCB   Design for Manufacture & Assembly Workshop 15th   October
www.ASKbobwillis.com 
PCB Inspection & Quality Control   Workshop 3rd November
www.ASKbobwillis.com/faworkshops.pdf
Book  Bob's  "Step by Step Failure Analysis Workshop" 4th   November
www.ASKbobwillis.com/faworkshops.pdf
-----Original   Message-----
From: TechNet [mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of Bev   Christian
Sent: 04 June 2009 21:45
To: [log in to unmask]
Subject:  Re:  [TN] Underfill Workmanship Pass/fail Criteria  Proposal

Bob,
This is  weird. You are the second TechNetter to  ask for the draft
document,
which I  posted on TechNet this morning  at 11:07 AM EDST.  Here it is   
again.
Bev
RIM


Workmanship Standards for BGA and  CSP  Underfills

Target - Class 1,2,3
*    Component  requiring  underfill completely underfilled with a good
fillet all the  way around, the  fillet just approaching the maximum  
component
body height, completely  cured, no encroachment onto  other components
and no
voiding  whatsoever

Acceptable -  Class 3
*    At least 50% fillet  height up the side of the  component body

*    Small pin holes  and voids are  permissible provided they do not
exceed 5% of fillet surface  area and  have a maximum diameter of 0.5 mm
(0.020  inches).

Acceptable -  Class 1,2
*    Component requiring  underfill underfilled  such that all balls are
covered, but no evidence of  an exterior  fillet, no encroachment onto
other
components and no voiding   whatsoever

*    Component requiring underfill  underfilled  such that all balls are
covered, with or without an  exterior fillet, no  encroachment onto other
components and only small  voids, not touching any  solder joints

*    Component  requiring underfill underfilled  such that all balls are
covered, with  or without an exterior fillet, no  encroachment onto other
components  and even large voiding, but not touching  any solder  joints

*    A void or voids less than or equal to  50%  around the perimeter of
one or more solder joints

Defect -  Class  1,2,3
*    Underfill completely missing from  components where it  is required

*    Underfill not  completely covering all the  peripheral solder joints

*   Voiding such that a void  traverses the distance between two  or
more
solder joints under the array  device requiring  underfill

*    A void or voids more than 50%  around the  perimeter of one or more
solder joints

*     Material  extending on to the top of the BGA or CSP

*     Uncured  material

Special Conditions - Class 1,2
*      Encroachment onto other components, but meeting all other  criteria
above  for target or acceptable conditions will be dealt with  as a
pass/fail
on a  case-by-case basis

-----Original  Message-----
From: TechNet  [mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of bob  wettermann
Sent: Thursday, June  04, 2009 4:42 PM
To:  [log in to unmask]
Subject: Re: [TN] Underfill  Workmanship Pass/fail  Criteria Proposal

Dear Richard:

Pls  send the proposal on  to us. We perform underfill rework and this
issue
presents itslf  fairly  frequently.

Thanks

Bob   Wettermann
[log in to unmask]

Bob Wettermann
PH   847-767-5745

--- On Thu, 6/4/09, Stadem, Richard D.   <[log in to unmask]>
wrote:


From: Stadem, Richard  D.  <[log in to unmask]>
Subject: Re: [TN] Underfill  Workmanship  Pass/fail Criteria Proposal
To: [log in to unmask]
Date:  Thursday, June 4,  2009, 1:10 PM


I reviewed the proposed items  for the standard and I  think it looks
great. I have sent it to  several other people directly  involved in BGA,
CSP, and flipchip  underfill at various companies in  Minnesota for their
review and will  pass on their comments as  well.
Thank you for doing all of this  work.

-----Original  Message-----
From: TechNet  [mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of Bev  Christian
Sent: Thursday,  June 04, 2009 11:43 AM
To:  [log in to unmask]
Subject: Re: [TN]  Underfill Workmanship Pass/fail Criteria  Proposal

The doc we are  discussing is only for CSPs and BGAs. I did not  want to
try and  tackle too much, especially something that: 
a) I don't  know  about
b) Has been around a lot longer and might already have a set   of
pass/fail criteria

Bev
RIM

-----Original   Message-----
From: TechNet [mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of David  D.  Hillman
Sent: Thursday, June 04, 2009 12:40 PM
To:   [log in to unmask]
Subject: Re: [TN] Underfill Workmanship Pass/fail  Criteria  Proposal

Hi Graham - in the words of Sir Doug, "it  depends"! Under  most
situations, 
that thin of underfill will have  no influence on the  solder joint 
integrity. However, a specific  component construction may not  be happy 
with any underfill on its  top causing issues. The simple way to  avoid
the 
question is to  not allow underfill on the top of the BGA or  CSP.  I
can't

speak for a flip chip as I don't have any underfill   experience in that 
realm.

Dave



Graham Collins   <[log in to unmask]> 
Sent by: TechNet   <[log in to unmask]>
06/04/2009 11:20 AM
Please respond  to
TechNet  E-Mail Forum <[log in to unmask]>; Please respond   to
[log in to unmask]


To
[log in to unmask]
cc

Subject
Re:   [TN] Underfill Workmanship Pass/fail Criteria   Proposal






Absolutely.  If material  interferes  with installing heatsinks, it's
unacceptable.  But  that would be true  also of other methods like  corner
bonding.

My question: would a thin  film of underfill  material, say a thou or
two,
on a small section (say 15%  of the  top area) of a BGA have any impact
to
reliability?  I am not   talking about having big globs of the stuff on
top (although I still  wonder  how that would influence reliability).

In terms of  impacting  reliability, I think a more important criteria
would be  that the underfill  be even volume on each side (so the part
would be  underfilled reasonably  symmetrically).  Same size fillets  on
opposing  sides.

regards,
- Graham

-----Original  Message-----
From:  [log in to unmask]  [mailto:[log in to unmask]] 
Sent:  Thursday, June 04, 2009  1:12 PM
To: [log in to unmask]; Collins, Graham (FN) @  ESI
Subject:  RE: [TN] Underfill Workmanship Pass/fail Criteria  Proposal

Too  much material over the top of the component many add   uncalculated
thickness when installing a heat   sinks.

Vic,

-----Original Message-----
From: TechNet   [mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of Graham Collins
Sent: Thursday,  June  04, 2009 11:01 AM
To: [log in to unmask]
Subject: Re: [TN]  Underfill  Workmanship Pass/fail Criteria Proposal

How?  And  to what  extent??  Would a tiny bit of underfill on one  corner
hurt the  reliability?  Are you talking about big lumps of  underfill, or
a thin  skin? 

The underfill we use is pretty  thin, runs everywhere if allowed  to, and
will form a thin coating on  top if it gets there.  

regards,
- Graham

-----Original  Message-----
From:  TechNet [mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of  Stadem, Richard D.
Sent:  Thursday, June 04, 2009 12:41 PM
To:  [log in to unmask]
Subject: Re: [TN]  Underfill Workmanship Pass/fail  Criteria Proposal

Yes, having some on  top of the component hurts  the reliability.

-----Original  Message-----
From: TechNet  [mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of Graham  Collins
Sent: Thursday,  June 04, 2009 10:27 AM
To:  [log in to unmask]
Subject: Re: [TN]  Underfill Workmanship Pass/fail Criteria  Proposal

Hi Bev
Why  would material on the component top be  considered a  defect?
Process
indicator I can see, but does it impact   reliability?

regards,
- Graham

-----Original   Message-----
From: TechNet [mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of Bev   Christian
Sent: Thursday, June 04, 2009 12:07 PM
To:   [log in to unmask]
Subject: [TN] Underfill Workmanship Pass/fail  Criteria  Proposal

TechNetters,
OK after speaking to a couple  of industry  friends, this is what we have
come up with. I will leave  it to them to  speak up and identify
themselves, if they wish.  I  have written this  up in IPC-A-610 format
and have tried to cover all  situations for Class 2  and 3 products in
particular. 

If we  can nail this, I would like to  present this to the IPC as the
first  IPC draft doc essentially hammered out  by out TechNet  community.

Comments readily   accepted!
Bev
RIM


Workmanship Standards for BGA and CSP   Underfills

Target - Class 1,2,3
*         Component requiring underfill completely   underfilled
with 
a good
fillet all the way around, the fillet  just  approaching the maximum
component body height, completely cured,  no  encroachment onto other
components and no voiding   whatsoever

Acceptable - Class 3
*         At least 50% fillet height up the side of the   component

body

*             Small pin holes and voids are permissible provided  they

do  not
exceed 5% of fillet surface area and have a  maximum diameter of 0.5  mm
(0.020 inches).

Acceptable - Class  1,2
*       Component requiring underfill  underfilled  such that all

balls
are covered, but no evidence  of an exterior  fillet, no encroachment
onto
other components and  no voiding  whatsoever

*             Component requiring underfill underfilled such  that
all

balls
are  covered, with or without an exterior  fillet, no encroachment onto
other  components and only small voids,  not touching any solder joints

*   Component requiring  underfill  underfilled such that all

balls
are covered, with or  without an  exterior fillet, no encroachment onto
other components and  even large  voiding, but not touching any solder
joints

*   A void or voids less than or equal to 50%  around the  
perimeter
of one or more solder joints

Defect - Class   1,2,3
*                 Underfill  completely missing from components where  it
is
required

*   Underfill not completely   covering all the peripheral 
solder
joints

*     Voiding such that a void traverses the  distance  between

two or
more solder joints under the array device   requiring underfill

*             A void or voids more than 50% around the perimeter  of
one  
or
more solder joints

*       Material extending on to the top of the BGA  or  CSP

*                 Uncured  material

Special Conditions - Class 1,2
*     Encroachment onto other components, but meeting   all
other
criteria above for target or acceptable conditions will  be  dealt with
as
a pass/fail on a case-by-case   basis

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**************Mortgage  rates dropped. Record lows. $200,000 for
$1,029/mo 
Fixed.  LendingTree(r)  
(http://pr.atwola.com/promoclk/100126575x1222627882x1201465404/aol?redir
=http:%2F%2Fwww.lendingtree.com%2Fborrower%2Falliance%2Ffrom.a
sp%3Fwhereto%3Dpromopagev3%26promo%3D00279%26loan%5Ftype%3D2%26source%3D
2889
570%26esourceid%3D2889570%26800num%3D1%2D800%2D289%2D3915%26AdType%3D2)

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**************Mortgage rates drop to record lows. $200,000 for $1,029/mo 
Fixed. LendingTree® 
(http://pr.atwola.com/promoclk/100126575x1222653866x1201461148/aol?redir=http:%2F%2Fwww.lendingtree.com%2Fborrower%2Falliance%2Ffrom.as
p%3Fwhereto%3Dpromopagev3%26promo%3D00279%26loan%5Ftype%3D2%26source%3D28895
60%26esourceid%3D2889560%26800num%3D1%2D800%2D289%2D3915%26AdType%3D2)

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