Please understand, I have trouble understanding most stuff. However, what happened to silver migration and all the attendant issues? I mean it's so widely published, no one comes near the stuff without some type polish. Not dating myself, I learned about silver's superb electrical conductivity properties in 19xx uhuhuhwhat. Migration always has been a major issue. I, as most of you, keep trying to find ways to integrate this conductor into various designs. Notwithstanding migration, as the previous individual responded, the material tarnishes easily. It oxidizes instantly as does nickel. I do applaud those providing and using electroless nickel. I do this because it works for me on some well "dated" PCB's. How do you apply it to ceramic substrates? Also, what's the shelf life over extended times? If interested, I will respond with more - after some of my "in desk samples" (having been throroughly documented) have more chances to "stew". Earl Moon ################################################################ TechNet E-Mail Forum provided as a free service by IPC using LISTSERV 1.8c ################################################################ To subscribe/unsubscribe, send a message to [log in to unmask] with following text in the body: To subscribe: SUBSCRIBE TechNet <your full name> To unsubscribe: SIGNOFF TechNet ################################################################ Please visit IPC's web site (http://www.ipc.org) "On-Line Services" section for additional information. For technical support contact Hugo Scaramuzza at [log in to unmask] or 847-509-9700 ext.312 ################################################################