Dejen, See the paper by Mort Antler of Bell Labs in Plating, vol 57, page 615(1970) for a definitive study on copper diffusion through gold without a nickel barrier layer. Allan Reed Technic Inc. *************************************************************************** * TechNet mail list is provided as a service by IPC using SmartList v3.05 * *************************************************************************** * To subscribe/unsubscribe send a message <to: [log in to unmask]> * * with <subject: subscribe/unsubscribe> and no text in the body. * *************************************************************************** * If you are having a problem with the IPC TechNet forum please contact * * Dmitriy Sklyar at 847-509-9700 ext. 311 or email at [log in to unmask] * ***************************************************************************