It is real real important for anyone considering such issues as EMF differences to understand that all EMF values are a function of the electrolyte, and that any change in the liquid can dramatically effect the EMF. A classic example of this is to look at the Tin/Copper couple. In certain electrolytes, make that most electrolytes, Copper will immersion plate on to Tin, implying that the Copper is more noble. However, in other electrolytes, Tin will immersion plate on to the Copper, implying that the Tin is more noble. Thus which direction the electrons flow, or indeed if they flow at all, can be powerfully controlled by the electrolyte. Hope this does not muddy the waters too much. Rudy Sedlak RD Chemical Company *************************************************************************** * TechNet mail list is provided as a service by IPC using SmartList v3.05 * *************************************************************************** * To subscribe/unsubscribe send a message <to: [log in to unmask]> * * with <subject: subscribe/unsubscribe> and no text in the body. * *************************************************************************** * If you are having a problem with the IPC TechNet forum please contact * * Dmitriy Sklyar at 847-509-9700 ext. 311 or email at [log in to unmask] * ***************************************************************************