Ofer, It says in my spec: "In order to enable rework to any BGA device without affecting the quality of neighbouring component joints, a component exclusion zone of 5mm is required around all BGA sites. Exceptions to this are passive devices, which if essential may be sited as close as 2mm to the device. In the event of rework, these devices would have to be removed prior to BGA removal and resited after BGA replacement." Hope this helps, ============================================================= Andy Green Tel: +44 1753 661425 Snr. PCB Designer/CAD Admin. Madge Networks Ltd. Fax: +44 1753 661011 Stoke Poges, SL2 4JS, U.K. e-mail: [log in to unmask]