Ken I don't deny that conductive adhesives are used reliably, we all know zillions of devices are produced everyday using conductive adhesives in all sorts of applications from Pentiums down to keyboards. But that wasn't the original question..... Anyway moving on I was interested to see your statement that some materials have conductivity an order higher than solder.( I assume regular tinlead). Are you referring to the volume resistivity of the adhesive, or conductivity through the whole joint? I would be interested to see more me more details. Mike Fenner BSP, UK 100760,351@compuserv,com Fax:+44 1295 720937