Ref: e-mail from Karen A. Catallozzi Facing a similar problem, we try to feed as much as possible automatically on small prototype quantities. But with the inevitable loose parts we usually add these to the circuit prior to reflow either by hand or using an x-y table top manual P&P m/c. Generally the design engineers try to specify parts already in use (i.e. a 1% stocked item rather than a 5% new item etc.) and feed the IC's using sticks, waffle tray's etc. Although this is by no means perfect, we use this system to great effect and is much quicker than hand building or contracting out. Hope this is some help? Andy Richardson Manufacturing Engineer GenRad UK Manchester [log in to unmask]