I appologize for the confusion. The drying I am referring to is after aqueous and /or semi-aqueous cleaning. So far, in my paper I am covering physical and chemical methods of drying that exist today. This includes air knives, convention ovens, vacuum drying, cetrifical drying, alcohol and displacement drying. Any comments.... Stan Seelig Seelig and Associates, Inc. Industrial Cleaning Consultants Response from earlier message: To anyone, I am presenting a paper at NEPCON in Feb. on "The Importance of Drying to the Electronics Industry". I have many of my own ideas but I would like to hear from people in the electronics industry. Please respond to me at [log in to unmask] Thank you. Stanley S. Seelig, FAIC Seelig and Associates, Inc. Industrial Cleaning Consultants According to pipeline manager, these messages may not have gone through. To update, the NEPCON paper has been submitted but I have time during the presentation to give some case studies. Any responses ? I am the inventor of Genesolv DRSC, a surfactant based-drying solvent system (CFCs) that had many applications in the electronics industry and I feel there is still a market for a similar product.