As a general rule, alloys containing more than 50% bismuth will expand on freezing true, some times by not very much. High Bi alloys can have other characteristics as well such as poor ductility/malleability (that is stiff and rigid alloys), and so on. The combination of properties will determine properties overall. Pad lift, fillet lift, hot tearing and so on have occurred with a number of lead free alloys not just those containing Bi. Best Wishes Mike -----Original Message----- From: TechNet [mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of Guy Ramsey Sent: Monday, July 22, 2013 12:14 PM To: [log in to unmask] Subject: Re: [TN] NTC Friday Element Quiz Answer Interesting. I thought that the land lift phenomenon was due to the fact that SnBi solder shrinks on solidification. And that SnPb solder expands. Is this false? -----Original Message----- From: TechNet [mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of David D. Hillman Sent: Friday, July 19, 2013 8:17 PM To: [log in to unmask] Subject: [TN] NTC Friday Element Quiz Answer Hi folks - Here is the Friday Element Quiz Answer: The Question: This element has some strange properties. The element will melt in your hand due to body heat and it expands when changing from a liquid to a solid. It is associated with the town of Gran Sasso, Italy. What element is being described? The Answer: The element is Gallium (Ga)! Gallium is one of three metals that expands upon solidification (kudos to Ian Fox for knowing that clue) and its melting point is low enough that human body heat can melt it. Both the Italian National Lab at Gran Sasso and SAGE lab in Russia use gallium for their neutrino research. The facility at Gran Sasso has a "tank" of 250,000 pounds of gallium trichloride (GaCl3)! When a neutrino passes thru the tank, the GaCl3 is converted into germanium 71 isotope which is detectable by instrumentation (kudos to Mike Fenner for getting that clue). Neutrinos are particles from the sun that bombard the Earth and can pass thru miles of solid rock. The winner of the weekly element quiz is Phil Kinner and he will get the services of Clumpy and Kloumpios for the week. Lots of good answers this week and apparently some electronic near misses (Sorry Mike). The boys caught a cargo flight and are heading to work for Phil for the week. So far Clumpy and Kloumpios have done the following: Past Quiz winners/tasks: Week 1 Dick Krug, Spartan Complex Systems Week 2 Laura Turbini, IRC Week 3 James Head, Crowcon Detection Instruments Limited Week 3 Pat Goodyear, PGE Week 4 Joe Russeau, Precision Analysts Laboratory Week 5 Tom Carroll, Boeing Defense, Space and Security Week 6 Steve Gregory Week 7 Phil Kinner Week 8 Brian Ellis Week 9 James Head, Crowcon Detection Instruments Limited Week 10 Leland Woodall, CSTech Inc. Week 11 Keith Calhoun, Sopark Corp Week 12 Matthias Mansfeld, Mansfeld-Elektronik Week 13 Leland Woodall, CSTech Inc. Week 14 Brian Ellis Week 15 Tom Carroll, Boeing Defense, Space and Security Week 16 Steve Gregory Week 17 Phil Kinner Week 18 Ian Braddock, MBDA Systems Week 19 Leland Woodall, CSTech Inc. - Now I have two guys to assist with four screen printer moves this week. They're gonna love helping me perform our quality verifications, and they get to try their hand with cross section work again. Week 20 Denny Fritz - My first thought for Clumpy and Kloumpios was to ask if they knew how to drain swamps. It has rained here in Indiana almost every day for 10 days and is forecast to thunderstorm for almost ten more. Any chance Kloumpios has any biblical roots and is related to Noah of Ark fame?? At the very least, please have Graham Naisbitt ship some wellies (Wellington boots) here to Indiana for the coming week. Only slightly more seriously, what do Clumpy and Kloumpios know about counterfeit components? Any day, I expect to be thrown into that messy topic to support the Department of Defense. And, what clearance do the guys have - confidential, secret, top secret, or keep-from-telling-Doug?. Can either run an XRF or SEM? I presume they have eagle eyes, so they can observe components through our optical microscopes. Finally, is either carrying a small spare lead-acid battery? Our UPS unit protecting the instruments from the too frequent lightning surges crapped out last week. Week 21 Amol Kane - the boys can help me with optimization and qualification of Process Equipment like stencil printer and wash. In their spare time they can enjoy the fine TX summer Dewey Whittaker, Honeywell - the boys can stay 2 days with me and as I've always said "a man's home is his castle, in a manor of speaking". I'll be training them in stand-up comedy dealing with the dichotomy of Technet humor. Their names and act will be " Grim and Stellar". David Bealer, Watch Fire Signs - since I will be out next week, they can take those 2 days off. Everybody deserves a weekend once in a while. Week 22 Phil Kinner - assisted with ? Everyone have a safe week! Dave Hillman Rockwell Collins [log in to unmask] ______________________________________________________________________ This email has been scanned by the Symantec Email Security.cloud service. For more information please contact helpdesk at x2960 or [log in to unmask] ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ This email has been scanned by the Symantec Email Security.cloud service. For more information please contact helpdesk at x2960 or [log in to unmask] ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ This email has been scanned by the Symantec Email Security.cloud service. For more information please contact helpdesk at x2960 or [log in to unmask] ______________________________________________________________________