Werner, I think that ROSE test (see below) is bulk contamination testing as it used to be known. We had a couple of WESTEK units that tested this way. I expect that the sensitivity has improved a great deal. Drew ROSE testing uses a calibrated mixture of isopropanol (IPA) and deionized (DI) water to remove soluble contaminants from a sample printed circuit assembly. The change in the resistivity of the test solution used to wash the assembly provides a measure of the average ionic contamination present on the board. ROSE determines the total volume of contamination on an assembly, but does not show the distribution of contamination. The advantage of a ROSE tester is its ability to quantify the total volume of ionic contamination present on an assembly quickly and accurately. Many automatic ROSE testers perform basic calculations that factor the assembly’s surface area and express cleanliness results based on the assembly’s size (i.e. X micrograms NaCl/in2). The determination of an assembly’s surface area provides a perspective in determining specific pass/fail results. --------------------------------------------------- Technet Mail List provided as a service by IPC using LISTSERV 1.8e To unsubscribe, send a message to [log in to unmask] with following text in the BODY (NOT the subject field): SIGNOFF Technet To temporarily halt or (re-start) delivery of Technet send e-mail to [log in to unmask]: SET Technet NOMAIL or (MAIL) To receive ONE mailing per day of all the posts: send e-mail to [log in to unmask]: SET Technet Digest Search the archives of previous posts at: http://listserv.ipc.org/archives Please visit IPC web site http://www.ipc.org/contentpage.asp?Pageid=4.3.16 for additional information, or contact Keach Sasamori at [log in to unmask] or 847-615-7100 ext.2815 -----------------------------------------------------