Add to that the fact that operating voltages have decreased from 5V to under 2V, so it takes less time for a signal to change states. Roger M. Stoops, CID+ Trimble Navigation Ltd., Dayton, OH, USA Ph: +01 937.245.5288 Fax: +01 937.233.7511 -----Original Message----- From: TechNet [mailto:[log in to unmask]]On Behalf Of Ahne Oosterhof Sent: Friday, June 11, 2004 11:29 AM To: [log in to unmask] Subject: Re: [TN] Relation between physical size and frequency?? It's the other way around. As the chip gets smaller resulting from smaller components on the chip that have lower capacitance which requires less current to get them from one state to another (from '0' to '1' to from 'low' to 'high') and it does not generate more heat!! and which allows you to do it faster ---> higher frequency. That is why chipmakers are racing towards nanometer technology (smaller transistors and connecting runs) so that ultimately they need only one electron to get form a zero to a one (except for a host of other problems). Have a nice weekend. Ahne. -----Original Message----- From: TechNet [mailto:[log in to unmask]]On Behalf Of Saravanan Sent: Friday, June 11, 2004 5:06 To: [log in to unmask] Subject: [TN] Relation between physical size and frequency?? Hi, Could some one explain me quantitatively why the physical size of an electronic chip reduce in size as the operating frequency increases. I remember the P2 processor is conspicuously bigger than the latest P4 processor. What is the reason behind? Regards, Saravanan.K --------------------------------------------------- Technet Mail List provided as a service by IPC using LISTSERV 1.8e To unsubscribe, send a message to [log in to unmask] with following text in the BODY (NOT the subject field): SIGNOFF Technet To temporarily halt or (re-start) delivery of Technet send e-mail to [log in to unmask]: SET Technet NOMAIL or (MAIL) To receive ONE mailing per day of all the posts: send e-mail to [log in to unmask]: SET Technet Digest Search the archives of previous posts at: http://listserv.ipc.org/archives Please visit IPC web site http://www.ipc.org/contentpage.asp?Pageid=4.3.16 for additional information, or contact Keach Sasamori at [log in to unmask] or 847-509-9700 ext.5315 ----------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------- Technet Mail List provided as a service by IPC using LISTSERV 1.8e To unsubscribe, send a message to [log in to unmask] with following text in the BODY (NOT the subject field): SIGNOFF Technet To temporarily halt or (re-start) delivery of Technet send e-mail to [log in to unmask]: SET Technet NOMAIL or (MAIL) To receive ONE mailing per day of all the posts: send e-mail to [log in to unmask]: SET Technet Digest Search the archives of previous posts at: http://listserv.ipc.org/archives Please visit IPC web site http://www.ipc.org/contentpage.asp?Pageid=4.3.16 for additional information, or contact Keach Sasamori at [log in to unmask] or 847-509-9700 ext.5315 ----------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------- Technet Mail List provided as a service by IPC using LISTSERV 1.8e To unsubscribe, send a message to [log in to unmask] with following text in the BODY (NOT the subject field): SIGNOFF Technet To temporarily halt or (re-start) delivery of Technet send e-mail to [log in to unmask]: SET Technet NOMAIL or (MAIL) To receive ONE mailing per day of all the posts: send e-mail to [log in to unmask]: SET Technet Digest Search the archives of previous posts at: http://listserv.ipc.org/archives Please visit IPC web site http://www.ipc.org/contentpage.asp?Pageid=4.3.16 for additional information, or contact Keach Sasamori at [log in to unmask] or 847-509-9700 ext.5315 -----------------------------------------------------