Hi Cuck, The mechanical [as contrasted to the hydraulical] bulge tester was developed by Bell Labs in the early 80's to measure ductility of foil. Shipley, than a supplier to Western Electric [now there is history] in Richmond was most likely given a bulge tester, I guess. However, the correlation was not very good because of multiple possible failure modes and problems with strain determination. A better test method [see IPC-TM-650, Test Method 2.4.2.1 "Flexural Fatigue and Ductility, Foil"] also developed at Bell Labs, made the bulge tester history. Werner Engelmaier --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Technet Mail List provided as a free service by IPC using LISTSERV 1.8e To unsubscribe, send a message to [log in to unmask] with following text in the BODY (NOT the subject field): SIGNOFF Technet To temporarily halt or (re-start) delivery of Technet send e-mail to [log in to unmask]: SET Technet NOMAIL or (MAIL) To receive ONE mailing per day of all the posts: send e-mail to [log in to unmask]: SET Technet Digest Search the archives of previous posts at: http://listserv.ipc.org/archives Please visit IPC web site http://www.ipc.org/html/forum.htm for additional information, or contact Keach Sasamori at [log in to unmask] or 847-509-9700 ext.5315 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------