Look at your favorite IPC-2221 and it explains only the DFT aspect but shows clearly where to probe and why. I'm going through the same thing now with my client and I have devised a strategey using boundary scan, for those devices and circuits capable of this testing, and ICT probing. The number of test points has been reduced by half on one board using boundary scan in conjunction with probing. It's not exactly what you wanted to hear but you might convince the customer it needs some testing as fault/defect findings. MoonMan --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Technet Mail List provided as a free service by IPC using LISTSERV 1.8e To unsubscribe, send a message to [log in to unmask] with following text in the BODY (NOT the subject field): SIGNOFF Technet To temporarily halt or (re-start) delivery of Technet send e-mail to [log in to unmask]: SET Technet NOMAIL or (MAIL) To receive ONE mailing per day of all the posts: send e-mail to [log in to unmask]: SET Technet Digest Search the archives of previous posts at: http://listserv.ipc.org/archives Please visit IPC web site http://www.ipc.org/html/forum.htm for additional information, or contact Keach Sasamori at [log in to unmask] or 847-509-9700 ext.5315 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------