Bill, unless I am severely mistaken, electroplated gold contains zero Phosphorous. Electroplating is always the lowest cost way of depositing a metal, and electroless is always the most expensive, with immersion plating being between the two. Also to be remembered, in the general case, although this is probably irrelevant in electronics, electroless Nickel, with its contained Phosphorus is always MUCH more corrosion resistant than electroplated Nickel. And an aside....electroless Nickel and immersion Gold are the most difficult to control processes, and the most expensive per unit deposited of any process that I have ever heard of. They are a nightmare to control, without a replenishment/turnover rate that is staggering in its expense. Anyone doing it deserves maximum sympathy and understanding. Rudy Sedlak RD Chemical Company --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Technet Mail List provided as a free service by IPC using LISTSERV 1.8d To unsubscribe, send a message to [log in to unmask] with following text in the BODY (NOT the subject field): SIGNOFF Technet To temporarily halt delivery of Technet send the following message: SET Technet NOMAIL Search previous postings at: www.ipc.org > On-Line Resources & Databases > E-mail Archives Please visit IPC web site (http://www.ipc.org/html/forum.htm) for additional information, or contact Keach Sasamori at [log in to unmask] or 847-509-9700 ext.5315 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------