Hi Guenter! There's real good article about Black Pad that was presented at the 1999 Printed Circuits Expo thas has all kinds of good pictures. It's at: http://www.nukcg.org/downloadfiles/Hadco%20on%20Immersion%20Gold%20failures.pd f -Steve Gregory- > Quite a while ago there was a discussion in TechNet about Black Pad. I read > some articles too, but what I am missing is a picture or two or so how > Black pad looks like ( sure it's more than just black ). > > Have a great day > > Guenter > > Guenter Grossmann > > Swiss Federal Institute for Materials Testing and Research EMPA > Centre for Reliability > 8600 Duebendorf > Switzerland > > Phone: xx41 1 823 4279 > Fax : xx41 1823 4054 > mail: [log in to unmask] >