TECHNET Archives

March 1999

TechNet@IPC.ORG
Options: Use Monospaced Font
Show Text Part by Default
Show All Mail Headers

Message: [<< First] [< Prev] [Next >] [Last >>]
Topic: [<< First] [< Prev] [Next >] [Last >>]
Author: [<< First] [< Prev] [Next >] [Last >>]

Print Reply
Subject:
Re: Solder Attachment [Au plating in...]
From:
Bruce Stacy <[log in to unmask]>
Reply To:
TechNet E-Mail Forum.
Date:
Mon, 8 Mar 1999 10:32:07 -0500
Content-Type:
text/plain
Parts/Attachments:
text/plain (393 lines) 
---------------------- Forwarded by Bruce Stacy/ECSDOMAIN on 03/08/99 10:39
AM ---------------------------

 (Embedded      (Embedded image moved to file:
 image moved to pic17987.pcx)
 file:          Bruce Stacy
 pic03735.pcx)  (Embedded image moved to file:
                pic25624.pcx)
                03/05/99 01:07:52 PM
                (Embedded image moved to file:
                pic11900.pcx)




To:   "\"TechNet E-Mail Forum.\" <[log in to unmask]>, \"Alderete, Michael\""
      <[log in to unmask]>
cc:
Subject:  Re: [TN] Solder Attachment [Au plating in...]  (Document link not
      converted)

Michael,
It is % by weight.  The magic number I have seen kicked around the most is
3%.  It is not to exceed 3% by weight anywhere in the soldr joint.  Ther
was an article published recently in Electronic Packaging & Production by
Seth Enwright of Lockheed Martin Commercisal Electronics, Hudson, NH
Effects of Gpld Diffusion on Near-Eutectic Solder Joint.  It was
informatve, but I'm not sure when it was published.

Bruce Stacy
Lucent Technologies



"Alderete, Michael" <[log in to unmask]> on 03/05/99 12:26:16 PM

Please respond to "\"TechNet E-Mail Forum.\" <[log in to unmask]>,
      \"Alderete, Michael\"" <[log in to unmask]>

To:   [log in to unmask]
cc:    (bcc: Bruce Stacy/ECSDOMAIN)
Subject:  Re: [TN] Solder Attachment [Au plating in...]




Wes-

5 micoinch Au is a typical, minimum thickness Au plating.

If you can calculate that it will go into solution, and form a solder joint
with less than 5% [less than 2%??] Au in PbSn, than you most likely are ok.

If the Au isn't allowed to disperse throughout most, or all, of the solder
joint, you may have localised high Au concentrated areas, which might pose
a
reliability risk.

Can any of you metallurgists clarify whether this <5% Au rule of thumb (or
blind faith?) is in terms of volume or weight percentage of Au?

This is of great interest to those of us who'd like to convert from HASL
PWB
pad finishes to Au/Ni, for SMT PWBs.

Regards,

Michael Alderete
Aerojet




Wes wrote...
------------------------------

Date:    Thu, 4 Mar 1999 14:23:20 -0500
From:    Malewicz Wesley <[log in to unmask]>
Subject: Solder Attachment

        I have a part that is made out of .005 thick Beryllium Copper with
a
finish per MIL-G-45204 Type 1 with 5 micro-inches Hard Gold.  This part is
a
surface mount part and attached to the PCB via solder paste then re-flowed.
My question is, should I experience any long term reliability or soldering
problems with the attachment of this part?

Thanking you in advance for your comments.

Wes

------------------------------



(UUEncoded file named: att1.unk follows)
(Its format is: File type unknown )

begin 644 att1.unk
M>)\^(A<1`0:0"``$```````!``$``0>0!@`(````Y`0```````#H``$(@`<`
M&````$E032Y-:6-R;W-O9G0@36%I;"Y.;W1E`#$(`06``P`.````SP<#``4`
M"0`:`!``!0`6`0$@@`,`#@```,\'`P`%``D`&@`5``4`&P$!"8`!`"$````V
M0T5"-C@R-S`W1#-$,C$Q0D9",S`P.#`U1C$U,C8V-P`(!P$$@`$`*0```')E
M.B!3;VQD97(@071T86-H;65N="!;074@<&QA=&EN9R!I;BXN+ET`X0T!#8`$
M``(````"``(``0.0!@`X"@``,0````(!<0`!````%@````&^9RUGOCJ0];S3
M#!'2E`0`@%^%,QL``!X`"H`((`8``````,````````!&`````#>%```!````
M`0`````````>`'```0```"D```!R93H@4V]L9&5R($%T=&%C:&UE;G0@6T%U
M('!L871I;F<@:6XN+BY=``````,`WC^O;P```P`!@`@@!@``````P```````
M`$8`````4H4``/`3```>``*`""`&``````#`````````1@````!4A0```0``
M``0````X+C4`"P!)@0@@[log in to unmask]
M""`&``````#`````````1@`````!A0````````L`!(`((`8``````,``````
M``!&``````.%````````"P`%@`@@!@``````P````````$8`````#H4`````
M```#``:`""`&``````#`````````1@`````0A0````````,`!X`((`8`````
M`,````````!&`````!&%`````````P`(@`@@!@``````P````````$8`````
M&(4````````+`'N`"R`&``````#`````````1@``````B`````````L`?(`+
M(`8``````,````````!&``````6(`````````@$)$`$```!R!```;@0``&D&
M``!,6D9U">[,<@,`"@!R8W!G,3(U%C(`^`M@;@X0,#,SG0'W(`*D!&0"`&-H
M"L#@<V5T,"`(50>R`H-?`%`#U!#I!Q,"@'T*@75&8P!0"P-U;&X"(&7I"Z8@
M5P>0+0JB"H0*@.@U(&T-X&\+@!$`$[`$=2`$`"!A('1Y-G`-X`=`+!<!`P!M
M=>IM&!!H#>!K%4`$$1>A)0M1=`N`9RX6.DEF="!Y"&`@&&`#H!AA8_L5`!H@
M91DA&B`7P`5``_!R;`,@9V\7P`(P'7!S/0;P=1HP`B`8D`!P9"`]`A!R&1`8
M`!WA!($@:N<701SR&3`@;!F2')$#H!`U)2!;(%@R)3^,/UT7DP.@4&)3'E$7
M(*,;<@1@<P5`;&EK&&5L>1?P"7`@;VO/&GX9,!QP%Z-N)P5`!T!="0!W"8`8
M$!UP9`0`<(\$D!%`&2$#8'5G:`A@_P5`(X(8D`6Q)G$HH26$'SK;&)`C0V$D
M(!$0=AQP"0#_&&$$`";!&4`H`!>2!:`78#D)\'1R'%$>H"1!87-]&)!W&4$7
M@!<0*``%0'#_(Y`<<!@`"7`CT`&@`Q`<X.LD(`40<R2<0P.1`'`D(%\I02-#
M$5`F<0AP9P0`=/T$(&,+8`:!)"`MP!%0);"W!<`9,00@/"#Q%Z%R%0#')&$E
M@AD`8B`H!;$"8,\+@!ZA"W`9,#\I%\(B8>\<8![@!"`I078=\0>`*++/)K`N
M-`20++)A9S2#%Z#Z/Q8Z5#.B%]$I00G!'++_`C`$D`>0!4`=L1DP+I(I0>9U
M!"`MP&\G'J`CTB;B'RR!*S``(!ZP`V$@2$&D4TPB@%="&?!A'J$]&,%S);`@
M@1UP%Z`O3DYI&)`>P08`350^HG-Q&GM296<+$2V0%CI-_2WA820`$[`?4A%0
M%5`60_)!!)!O:A%0"N,6=D5_W@H5\1T``V`<8"Y'@!8T+BU('TCJ%CI$'%$Z
M(&M+`3H@=1B0-`70"L$QACE,`$O@-#HR,TQ@81%P+3`U,`%`%D-&GP-A2O-+
ML"!0`_!C>A7B*R!0)"`\3J0N3A9`1:A-1RY`H%-04$E0((1%3E"`0T]-/A8T
M2%-U8D308W1*\%/M'T1!`D``T&@'@`(P%CK[2P)+`DDK!!@`"K$[H1RCOP0@
M`,`!`"1P*#$I02Y-`%,6\!DS($($D'D=,&G;&0$(4'`G41_T818T/S0#.$(%
MT$E,+4<M-+4.0#!+D%08,!QP,1_T6Q;S`V`M%U('D4@+$2#Z1Q]!+DLB%]%5
M,Q?2%C3><PAP-=`LL"-Q=1_153.?'H(:(%+B)L0EHE!#/M#^=@<P'R8*L".@
M''()\"[AKBT.\":B&G5-)"!Q"E#_(Z`>,1?!&)`_<`A@'U!4D?QE>"=1")`L
MH3#S"0`/(+\VHR[K!;$?-!I!%C1P`V#]`F!E-N$@`R6B7]13(BDT]UU%.5T`
M<&L:01MC(F$_`'YV`'!>L4!B&W$%P`6@;?]3(D$<%?$6.DCO22\*A`LP%P!!
M%D,4,0!S@```"P`"``$````#`/T_Y`0``!X`"8`((`8``````,````````!&
M`````#:%```!`````0`````````>``N`""`&``````#`````````1@`````X
MA0```0````$`````````0``Y`)#7-$8M9[X!`P#Q/PD$```>`#%``0````D`
M``!!3$1%4D5430`````#`!I``````!X`,$`!````"0```$%,1$52151-````
M``,`&4```````P`F```````#`#8```````,`@!#_____`@%'``$````S````
M8SU54SMA/2`[<#U!97)O:F5T.VP]05I5+4U!24PR+3DY,#,P-3$W,C8Q-EHM
M-C@P-30```(!^3\!````2@````````#<IT#(P$(0&K2Y"``K+^&"`0``````
M```O3SU!15)/2D54+T]5/4%:55-!+T-./5)%0TE0245.5%,O0TX]04Q$15)%
M5$T````>`/@_`0```!(```!!;&1E<F5T92P@36EC:&%E;````!X`.$`!````
M"0```$%,1$52151-``````(!^S\!````2@````````#<IT#(P$(0&K2Y"``K
M+^&"`0`````````O3SU!15)/2D54+T]5/4%:55-!+T-./5)%0TE0245.5%,O
M0TX]04Q$15)%5$T````>`/H_`0```!(```!!;&1E<F5T92P@36EC:&%E;```
M`!X`.4`!````"0```$%,1$52151-`````$``!S"4$QU&+6>^`4``"#`P38])
M+6>^`1X`/0`!`````0`````````>`!T.`0```"D```!R93H@4V]L9&5R($%T
M=&%C:&UE;G0@6T%U('!L871I;F<@:6XN+BY=`````!X`-1`!````.P```#PS
M.$-!,$9$0D)$041$,C$Q0D9!03`P.#`U1C$U,C8V-S,Q035#04!A>G4M;6%I
M;#(N865S+F-O;3X```L`*0``````"P`C```````#``80H&9*,P,`!Q`"!```
M`P`0$``````#`!$0`````!X`"!`!````90```%=%4RTU34E#3TE.0TA!54E3
M05194$E#04PL34E.24U5351(24-+3D534T%54$Q!5$E.1TE&64]50T%.0T%,
M0U5,051%5$A!5$E45TE,3$=/24Y43U-/3%5424].+$%.1$9/4DT``````@%_
M``$````[````/#,X0T$P1D1"0D1!1$0R,3%"1D%!,#`X,#5&,34R-C8W,S%!
:-4-!0&%Z=2UM86EL,BYA97,N8V]M/@``@DP`
`
end

(UUEncoded file named: pic03735.pcx follows)

begin 644 pic03735.pcx
M"@4!"`````!]`#P`````````````````````````````````````````````
M```````````````````````````!?@`!````````````````````````````
M``````````````````````````````````````````````````#_#^`/T`_(
M#\0/P@\/_P_@#]`/R`_$#\(/#_\/X`_0#\@/Q`_"#P__#^`/T`_(#\0/P@\/
M_P_@#]`/R`_$#\(/#_\/X`_0#\@/Q`_"#P__#^`/T`_(#\0/P@\/RP\(Q`\(
MPP\(Q`\(P@\(#P@/P@C##PC##PC##\,(PP\(P@\(#\((PP\(#PC"#P@/"`_&
M"`_&"`_""`\(P@\(#\@(#\@(#P@/R`C$",((U@\(Q@\(Q`\(#PC"#PC"#\((
MQ`_""`\(#P@/",(/P@@/"`_#"`\(#P@/",,/P@@/",(/"`\(#\((#\0(#P@/
M"`\(#\((#P@/P@@/QP@/Q`@/PP@/P@C/#PC"#PC$#P@/"`\(Q`\(Q0\(#PC"
M#P@/"`\(P@\(#P@/",(/"`\(#\((PP\(#\,(#\,(#\((#\<(#\,(#P@/RP@/
MPP@/"`\(#\,(#\4(PP@(R@\(P@\(Q@\(R0_"",(/P@@/"`\(P@\(PP\(P@\(
M#PC"#P@/P@@/"`\(#\,(#\((P@\(#P@/P@@/P@C"#P@/"`_"",(/Q`@/"`\(
M#P@/S0C'"`@/P@@(T0\(Q`\(#P@/"`\(Q`\(P@\(PP\(#P@/P@@/P@@/"`\(
M#P@/"`\(#P@/",(/P@C"#\((#\((#P@/P@@/P@@/"`_""`_#"`\(#\<(#P@/
M"`\(#\8(#\,(#P@/PP@(#\0/",(/",</",4/",</"`\(Q0\(#PC##PC"#PC#
M#P@/",(/"`\(#P@/"`\(#P@/P@@/P@@/"`_""`_""`_%"`_""`_%"`\(#P@/
MR0@/"`_$"`_%",,(",L/",</",4/"`\(Q0\(#PC$#P@/"`\(P@_"",(/",(/
MP@C"#P@/P@@/P@@/P@@/",(/"`\(#P@/"`\(#PC"#\((#\((#P@/"`\(#\4(
M#P@/P@@/Q`@/QPC$",((S@\(P@\(Q0\(Q@\(#PC"#P@/"`\(#PC$#PC##\((
M#\((P@\(#PC"#\((#PC"#P@/PP@/Q`@/QP@/P@@/R0@/"`_$"`_'"`_""`_"
M"`_""`_"",@/",L/",0/"`\(#PC##PC"#PC%#\0(#\,(P@\(P@_#"`_#",(/
M"`_""`\(#P@/",,/PP@/"`\(#\,(#\((#P@/"`\(#\8(#\,(#P@/R`C#"`_"
M"`C+#PC&#PC##PC%#PC"#PC"#PC"#\0(R0\(P@\(Q`\(PP\(#\((#\,(#\((
M#\,(P@\(#P@/"`\(#\,(#\<(#P@/"`_*"`_#"`_%",((",(/",T/",,/",(/
M"`\(Q@\(P@\(Q0\(#P@/P@@/P@@/P@@/Q`@/P@@/P@C##PC"#P@/P@@/"`_$
M"`_#"`_""`_""`\(P@\(#\@(#\((#\((#\,(#\,(#\0(#PC%#PC(#PC,#P@/
M"`\(P@\(P@\(P@\(#P@/",(/",(/",(/",,/"`\(#PC"#\,(#\((#P@/P@@/
MP@@/"`_""`_#"`_'"`_#"`\(#\((#\((#\H(Q0C""`C)#PC(#PC%#P@/",8/
M",(/"`\(Q`\(P@\(#PC"#\((#\((P@\(#P@/P@@/"`\(#\((#P@/P@@/P@@/
MP@@/P@@/"`\(#P@/"`_#"`_%"`_&"`_$"`_""`_""`_#"`C,#PC'#P@/",8/
M"`\(PP\(PP\(#PC"#PC##\((P@\(P@_""`\(#\((#P@/P@@/"`_""`\(#P@/
M"`\(#\((#\((#\<(#\,(#P@/Q`@/P@@/P@@/"`_'",,([log in to unmask]@/"`\(P@\(
MPP\(P@\(Q`\(PP\(P@\(#PC"#P@/"`\(#P@/P@C"#P@/",(/"`\(#P@/"`\(
M#\,(#P@/Q`@/"`_""`\(#PC"#\,(#\0(#P@/S`C&",((#PC8#PC"#PC##P@/
M",(/"`\(#PC"#P@/"`\(P@\(P@\(P@\(#P@/P@@/"`\(#P@/"`_"",(/PP@/
M",(/PP@/P@@/"`_$"`_""`_'"`_""`_%"`\(#P@/P@@/P@@(QP\(Q`\(T`\(
MP@\(P@\(Q0_""`\(#PC"#P@/"`\(#P@/"`\(P@\(#P@/P@@/"`\(#\,(#\((
M#\,(#\,(#\0(#P@/Q0@/P@@/"`_%"`_""`_&",,(P@C/#PC"#P@/"`\(#P@/
M",(/",,/",(/"`_"",0/",(/"`\(#P@/"`\(#P@/P@@/"`\(#P@/P@@/P@@/
M"`\(#P@/"`_"",(/PP@/"`_$",(/PP@/Q0@/"`_)",((#\,(",H/",4/",H/
M",,/",(/",8/"`\(P@\(#PC"#PC"#P@/"`\(P@\(#P@/P@@/"`_""`\(#P@/
M"`_#",(/PP@/Q@@/Q`@/P@@/R@@/"`_&",,(",4/",8/",8/",,/"`\(P@\(
M#PC$#P@/P@@/"`\(P@\(#PC"#P@/P@@/"`\(#\((#\((#P@/P@@/"`\(#P@/
MQ`C"#\0(#\((#P@/"`_#"`_""`_$"`\(#\,(#\4(#P@/PP@/P@C5#PC%#PC#
M#P@/",(/",(/",(/"`\(#P@/P@@/",(/"`\(#PC"#P@/"`\(#P@/"`\(#\,(
M#PC"#\,(#P@/P@@/PP@/P@@/PP@/PP@/Q0@/R0C$",((#\D/",0/",,/",4/
M",0/",0/",(/",(/",,/",0/"`\(#P@/"`\(#\((#P@/"`\(#P@/"`\(P@_"
M"`_#"`_""`_""`\(#\,(#\,(#\,(#\,(#\4(#\((#\8(#\,(",\/",8/",,/
M",0/"`\(P@\(P@\(P@_""`_#",(/"`\(#P@/"`\(P@_#"`_""`_""`_%"`_"
M"`\(#P@/P@@/PPC"#\,(#\((#\0(#\,(#\0(#\8(#\0(P@C2#PC"#PC%#P@/
M",4/"`\(#P@/",4/"`\(#PC##P@/"`_"",0/"`\(P@_""`\(P@_""`_&"`_"
M"`_$"`_""`_$"`_#"`_""`\(#\8(#\4(P@@/Q0\(P@\(P@\(Q`\(PP\(P@\(
M#PC$#P@/"`\(Q0\(#P@/"`\(#PC##\((#PC"#P@/"`_#"`_$",(/"`_""`\(
M#P@/",(/PP@/P@@/"`_""`_""`\(#\T(#P@/Q0@(#\((VP\(PP\(PP\(#P@/
M",(/",(/",,/PP@/"`_#"`\(#P@/"`\(PP_$"`\(#P@/P@@/PPC"#\,(#\,(
M#\D(#P@/"`_$"`_'"`_#",((P@\(RP\(Q`\(PP\(#PC##PC##PC##PC"#PC#
M#P@/PPC%#PC##P@/"`\(#P@/P@@/",,/PP@/P@@/P@@/PPC"#\,(#\0(#P@/
M"`\(#\<(#\0(#\4(#\,(",P/",0/",,/",8/",(/",(/"`\(P@\(P@_"",8/
MPP@/"`_"",(/"`\(#\((#\((#\0(P@_""`_""`\(#\0(#P@/PP@/P@@/R`@/
M"`_)"`_$"`_"",@/",X/"`\(#PC"#P@/",(/",(/",(/",(/P@@/"`\(P@_"
M"`\(P@_#"`\(#P@/"`_""`\(P@_#"`_""`\(#P@/"`_%",(/Q0@/"`\(#P@/
MQ@@/"`_&",,(P@C-#PC"#P@/"`\(SP\(P@\(P@\(PP\(#P@/",(/",(/P@C"
M#P@/"`\(#P@/"`\(#\((#P@/"`\(#\0(#P@/"`\(#\,(P@_+"`\(#\4(#\((
M#\0(P@C+#PC*#P@/"`\(#P@/",(/P@C"#PC"#P@/"`_"",(/"`\(#P@/P@C"
M#\((#P@/"`\(#P@/"`_""`\(#\((#\,(#P@/PP@/Q`@/Q`@/"`_""`\(#\L(
MQ0C#"`C&#PC4#PC$#PC##PC"#P@/",(/",(/"`\(P@\(PP_#",(/P@@/"`\(
M#P@/P@@/P@@/P@@/"`\(#\,(#\((#P@/Q`@/RP@/P@@/"`\(#\((#\,(#P@/
M",X/"`\(P@\(#PC##PC##P@/",(/",(/",(/",(/",(/"`\(#\((#\((Q`_"
M",(/P@@/PP@/"`\(#\((#\((#P@/P@@/PP@/PP@/"`_#"`\(#P@/"`_%"`_(
M"`@/PPC"",P/",H/",8/",(/"`\(P@\(P@\(#P@/"`\(#PC"#P@/Q`C"#\,(
M#\((P@_""`\(#P@/P@@/Q`@/P@@/Q`@/Q`@/R0@/"`_("`_%",,(#\</",(/
M",</",</"`\(P@\(Q0\(P@\(PP\(PP\(P@\(#PC$#\((PP\(P@_"",(/"`\(
M#P@/"`\(P@_""`\(#P@/"`_#"`_""`\(#P@/"`_%"`_""`\(#\<(PPC"",L/
M",0/",,/",0/",(/"`\(#\((PP\(PP\(PP_#",,/",(/"`_"",,/"`\(P@\(
M#P@/Q@@/Q@@/P@@/",(/"`_("`_("`\(#\@(Q`C""-8/",8/",0/"`\(P@\(
MP@_"",0/P@@/"`\(#PC"#\((#P@/PP@/"`\(#PC##\((#PC"#P@/"`_""`_$
M"`\(#P@/"`_""`\(#\((#\<(#\0(#\,(#\((SP\(P@\(Q`\(#P@/",0/",4/
M"`\(P@\(#P@/",(/"`\(#PC"#P@/"`_"",,/"`_#"`_#"`_""`_'"`_#"`\(
M#\L(#\,(#P@/"`_#"`_%",,(",H/",(/",8/",D/P@C"#\((#P@/",(/",,/
M",(/"`\(P@\(#\((#P@/"`_#"`_"",(/"`\(#\((#\((P@\(#P@/P@C"#\0(
M#P@/"`\(#\T(QP@(#\(("-$/",0/"`\(#P@/",0/",(/",,/"`\(#\((#\((
M#P@/"`\(#P@/"`\(#PC"#\((P@_""`_""`\(#\((#\((#P@/P@@/PP@/"`_'
M"`\(#P@/"`_&"`_#"`\(#\,("`_$#PC"#PC'#PC%#PC'#P@/",4/"`\(PP\(
MP@\(PP\(#PC"#P@/"`\(#P@/"`\(#\((#\((#P@/P@@/P@@/Q0@/P@@/Q0@/
M"`\(#\D(#P@/Q`@/Q0C#"`C+#PC'#PC%#P@/",4/"`\(Q`\(#P@/",(/P@C"
M#PC"#\((P@\(#\((#\((#\((#PC"#P@/"`\(#P@/"`\(P@_""`_""`\(#P@/
M"`_%"`\(#\((#\0(#\<(Q`C"",X/",(/",4/",8/"`\(P@\(#P@/"`\(Q`\(
MPP_""`_"",(/"`\(P@_""`\(P@\(#\,(#\0(#\<(#\((#\D(#P@/Q`@/QP@/
MP@@/P@@/P@@/P@C(#PC+#PC$#P@/"`\(PP\(P@\(Q0_$"`_#",(/",(/PP@/
MPPC"#P@/P@@/"`\(#PC##\,(#P@/"`_#"`_""`\(#P@/"`_&"`_#"`\(#\@(
MPP@/P@@(RP\(Q@\(PP\(Q0\(P@\(P@\(P@_$",D/",(/",0/",,/"`_""`_#
M"`_""`_#",(/"`\(#P@/"`_#"`_'"`\(#P@/R@@/PP@/Q0C""`C"#PC-#PC#
M#PC"#P@/",8/",(/",4/"`\(#\((#\((#\((#\0(#\((#\((PP\(P@\(#\((
M#P@/Q`@/PP@/P@@/P@@/",(/"`_("`_""`_""`_#"`_#"`_$"`\(Q0\(R`\(
MS`\(#P@/",(/",(/",(/"`\(#PC"#PC"#PC"#PC##P@/"`\(P@_#"`_""`\(
M#\((#\((#P@/P@@/PP@/QP@/PP@/"`_""`_""`_*",4(P@@(R0\(R`\(Q0\(
M#PC&#PC"#P@/",0/",(/"`\(P@_""`_"",(/"`\(#\((#P@/"`_""`\(#\((
M#\((#\((#\((#P@/"`\(#P@/PP@/Q0@/Q@@/Q`@/P@@/P@@/PP@(S`\(QP\(
M#PC&#P@/",,/",,/"`\(P@\(PP_"",(/",(/P@@/"`_""`\(#\((#P@/P@@/
M"`\(#P@/"`_""`_""`_'"`_#"`\(#\0(#\((#\((#P@/QPC#",((S@\(#P@/
M",(/",,/",(/",0/",,/",(/"`\(P@\(#P@/"`\(#\((P@\(#PC"#P@/"`\(
M#P@/"`_#"`\(#\0(#P@/P@@/"`\(P@_#"`_$"`\(#\P(Q@C""`\(V`\(P@\(
MPP\(#PC"#P@/"`\(P@\(#P@/",(/",(/",(/"`\(#\((#P@/"`\(#P@/P@C"
M#\,(#PC"#\,(#\((#P@/Q`@/P@@/QP@/P@@/Q0@/"`\(#\((#\((",</",0/
M"-`/",(/",(/",4/P@@/"`\(P@\(#P@/"`\(#P@/",(/"`\(#\((#P@/"`_#
M"`_""`_#"`_#"`_$"`\(#\4(#\((#P@/Q0@/P@@/Q@C#",((SP\(P@\(#P@/
M"`\(#PC"#PC##PC"#P@/P@C$#PC"#P@/"`\(#P@/"`\(#\((#P@/"`\(#\((
M#\((#P@/"`\(#P@/P@C"#\,(#P@/Q`C"#\,(#\4(#P@/R0C""`_#"`C*#PC%
M#PC*#PC##PC"#PC&#P@/",(/"`\(P@\(P@\(#P@/",(/"`\(#\((#P@/P@@/
M"`\(#P@/PPC"#\,(#\8(#\0(#\((#\H(#P@/Q@C#"`@,````@````(``@(``
M``"`@`"``("`@("`P,#`_P```/\`__\```#__P#_`/______````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
D````````````````````````````````````````````````
`
end

(UUEncoded file named: pic17987.pcx follows)

begin 644 pic17987.pcx
M"@4!"``````,`0$`````````````````````````````````````````````
M```````````````````````````!#0$!````````````````````````````
M```````````````````````````````````````````````````/_PG_"?\)
MZ`G4"<H)Q0G#"0__#_\/_P_I#]0/R@_%#\,/#PP```"`````@`"`@````("`
M`(``@("`@(#`P,#_````_P#__P```/__`/\`______\`````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
@````````````````````````````````````````````
`
end

(UUEncoded file named: pic25624.pcx follows)

begin 644 pic25624.pcx
M"@4!"``````,`0$`````````````````````````````````````````````
M```````````````````````````!#0$!````````````````````````````
M```````````````````````````````````````````````````/_PG_"?\)
MZ`G4"<H)Q0G#"0__#_\/_P_I#]0/R@_%#\,/#PP```"`````@`"`@````("`
M`(``@("`@(#`P,#_````_P#__P```/__`/\`______\`````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
@````````````````````````````````````````````
`
end

(UUEncoded file named: pic11900.pcx follows)

begin 644 pic11900.pcx
M"@4!"``````,`0$`````````````````````````````````````````````
M```````````````````````````!#0$!````````````````````````````
M```````````````````````````````````````````````````/_PG_"?\)
MZ`G4"<H)Q0G#"0__#_\/_P_I#]0/R@_%#\,/#PP```"`````@`"`@````("`
M`(``@("`@(#`P,#_````_P#__P```/__`/\`______\`````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
M````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
@````````````````````````````````````````````
`
end

################################################################
TechNet E-Mail Forum provided as a free service by IPC using LISTSERV 1.8c
################################################################
To subscribe/unsubscribe, send a message to [log in to unmask] with following text in the body:
To subscribe:   SUBSCRIBE TechNet <your full name>
To unsubscribe:   SIGNOFF TechNet 
################################################################
Please visit IPC's web site (http://www.ipc.org) "On-Line Services" section for additional information.
For technical support contact Hugo Scaramuzza at [log in to unmask] or 847-509-9700 ext.312
################################################################

ATOM RSS1 RSS2