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Subject:
From:
Bev Christian <[log in to unmask]>
Reply To:
TechNet E-Mail Forum.
Date:
Fri, 27 Nov 1998 08:14:03 -0500
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        > I just say: wow! Real Sci-Fi!//Ingemar//EMW


        !!??  "Real Sci-Fi"    Please explain your comment.

        Bev Christian
        Nortel

> -----Original Message-----
> From: [log in to unmask]
> [SMTP:[log in to unmask]]
> Sent: Friday, November 27, 1998 2:20 AM
> To:   [log in to unmask]
> Subject:      Re: [TN] Tin Oxide
>
> I just say: wow! Real Sci-Fi!//Ingemar//EMW
>
>
>
>
> > Kathy, Earl,
> > SEM/EDX will not tell you whether you have tin(II) or tin(IV) oxide.
> In
> > fact, unless you have a very $ expensive EDX it won't tell you if
> there is
> > any oxygen there at all!  Most EDX don't go any lower than sodium in
> the
> > periodic table.  To determine the type of tin oxide present you have
> several
> > options, all of them but one not easy:
> > 1) top-of the-line geology grade mass spec with quantitative
> capability
> > 2) Auger (will detect oxygen and I presume from the amount you might
> be able
> > to infer type of oxide?)
> > 3) ESCA (determines oxidation state of all elements)
> > 4) Mossbauer Spectroscopy (determines oxidation state of tin and some
> other
> > elements)
> > 5) Raman Spectroscopy (like infra-red spectroscopy, measures molecular
> > vibrations.  There are definite differences between stretching
> vibrations of
> > tin(II) and tin(IV).  May not give good spectra if a lot of organic
> crude
> > around that will cause the sample to fluoresce.)
> > 6) And then there are really fancy things like EELS and PAS, which I
> know
> > very less about!  :)
> > and finally
> > 7) If there is an accessible, flat surface with this stuff on it you
> and
> > just use SERA (Sequential Electrochemical Reduction Analysis), a form
> of
> > chronopotentiometry, which will tell you which oxide and how thick.
> >
> > regards,
> > Bev Christian
> > Nortel
> >
> >
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: [log in to unmask] [SMTP:[log in to unmask]]
> > > Sent: Thursday, November 26, 1998 5:56 AM
> > > To:   [log in to unmask]
> > > Subject:      [TN] Tin Oxide
> > >
> > > Kathy,
> > >
> > > The answer is not to eliminate tin oxide. It is to prevent it. Once
> the
> > > oxide is formed, in
> > > excessive amounts, it is difficult if not impossible to perform
> soldering
> > > operations, of any type,
> > > to effect acceptable solder joints. When the oxide is present, no
> type
> > > atmosphere removes it. Your
> > > flux didn't. Nitrogen won't as it only prevents.
> > >
> > > Your oxide analysis should include SEM/EDX. Objectively, this will
> show
> > > type and amount present.
> > > When excessive, cause is found and eliminated to prevent further
> > > occurrences.
> > >
> > > To prevent it is not always easy either. This especially is true
> when the
> > > tin coating process is not
> > > effectively managed (sometimes difficult) or post coating handling
> and
> > > storage requirements are not
> > > met (less difficult). Most tin coatings oxidize readily and rapidly.
> A
> > > newer type (white) is said
> > > not to do so, though I've not had the opportunity to see evidence.
> > >
> > > Enjoy,
> > >
> > > Earl Moon
> > >
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