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Subject:
From:
"Stadem, Richard D." <[log in to unmask]>
Reply To:
TechNet E-Mail Forum <[log in to unmask]>, Stadem, Richard D.
Date:
Fri, 5 Jun 2009 13:11:11 -0500
Content-Type:
text/plain
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text/plain (1006 lines)
...silence...sound of a pin dropping....

-----Original Message-----
From: TechNet [mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of Bev Christian
Sent: Friday, June 05, 2009 1:04 PM
To: [log in to unmask]
Subject: Re: [TN] Underfill Workmanship Pass/fail Criteria Proposal

Joe,
Perhaps you have not been following the thread.  Voids are included.
So, here is the WHOLE THING plus with Bob's contribution added in.
I'm getting requests to add in flip chip underfill, no flow underfill
and corner bond adhesives.  Groan.  :) 

So there isn't anything already for flips chips? I've never used one, so
I don't know.  Anyone want to write a section of two?  :)
Bev

Workmanship Standards for BGA and CSP Underfills

Target - Class 1,2,3
*	Component requiring underfill completely underfilled with a good
fillet all the way around, the fillet just approaching the maximum
component body height, completely cured, no encroachment onto other
components and no voiding whatsoever

Acceptable - Class 3
*	At least 50% fillet height up the side of the component body

*	Small pin holes and voids are permissible provided they do not
exceed 95% of fillet surface area and have a maximum diameter of 0.5 mm
(0.020 inches).

Acceptable - Class 1,2
*	Component requiring underfill underfilled such that all balls
are covered, but no evidence of an exterior fillet, no encroachment onto
other components and no voiding whatsoever

*	Component requiring underfill underfilled such that all balls
are covered, with or without an exterior fillet, no encroachment onto
other components and only small voids, not touching any solder joints

*	Component requiring underfill underfilled such that all balls
are covered, with or without an exterior fillet, no encroachment onto
other components and even large voiding, but not touching any solder
joints

*	A void or voids less than or equal to 50% around the perimeter
of one or more solder joints

Defect - Class 1,2,3
*	Underfill completely missing from components where it is
required

*	Underfill not completely covering all the peripheral solder
joints

*	Voiding such that a void traverses the distance between two or
more solder joints under the array device requiring underfill

*	A void or voids more than 50% around the perimeter of one or
more solder joints

*	Material extending on to the top of the BGA or CSP

*	Uncured material

*	Underfill interfering with proper placement of heatsink

*	There should be no evidence of underfill flowing out through
holes under the device.

*	After curing there should be no visual evidence of cracks
between the device surface, underfill or board.

*	There should be no evidence of damage to the board or device
caused by contact with the dispensing needle or height sensor.
*	Underfill filler shows evidence of separation

Special Conditions - Class 1,2
*	Encroachment onto other components, but meeting all other
criteria above for target or acceptable conditions will be dealt with as
a pass/fail on a case-by-case basis



-----Original Message-----
From: TechNet [mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of Joe Fjelstad
Sent: Friday, June 05, 2009 12:56 PM
To: [log in to unmask]
Subject: Re: [TN] Underfill Workmanship Pass/fail Criteria Proposal

Hi Bev
 
I am guessing that it is being assumed but might be worth a statement
about 
 voids (or lack thereof ;-) . 
 
Very best, 
Joe
 
 
In a message dated 6/5/2009 8:53:33 A.M. Pacific Daylight Time,  
[log in to unmask] writes:

Bob and  other TechNetters,
I have taken what has been said and added, especially  from Bob's work, 
more failure criteria for all classes of products. Here they  are:

*    Underfill interfering with proper placement of  heatsink

*    There should be no evidence of underfill  flowing out through holes

under the device.

*    After curing  there should be no visual evidence of cracks between
the 
device surface,  underfill or board.

*    There should be no evidence of  damage to the board or device
caused 
by contact with the dispensing needle or  height sensor.

*    Underfill filler shows evidence of  separation

I have still no definitive statements about small amounts of  underfill
on 
an upper horizontal surface of a component (Graham Collin's  issue).
Note I 
did not necessarily mean the top of the component. And  the second one
is 
underfill on surrounding components.  Remember us  handset people have
NO 
SPACE.  Forget about keep-out zones for needle  maneuver!

Further comments?

Bev 


-----Original  Message-----
From: Bob Willis [mailto:[log in to unmask]] 
Sent:  Friday, June 05, 2009 2:54 AM
To: 'TechNet E-Mail Forum'; Bev  Christian
Subject: RE: [TN] Underfill Workmanship Pass/fail Criteria  Proposal

Bev I am very sorry but I did not send my old text as I agreed  after my
trip, I just could not find it as it dated back to May 2001. I  never
sorted
out the images for the flip chip and uBGA from my libarary for  the
posters/wall charts.

The draft text is below which I actually  found on line at SMTNet Forum
with
three comments see  link:

http://www.smtnet.com//forums/index.cfm?fuseaction=view_thread&CFApp=1&T
hrea
d_ID=1600&#Message6706  




Here is a draft visual inspection guide for underfill,  please pass this
on
to the relevant people for any comments or suggestions.  I am currently
working on the pictures to go with the reference  guide.

Flip Chip/uBGA Underfill Visual Standards

The aim of this  document is to produce some draft text and then select
photographs to make  up a draft visual standard for inspection. There is

also
a need to produce  some reference material for C Scan images.

The following images provide  a guide to the inspection requirement
after 
the
underfilling operation.  They may also be applied after curing of  the
underfill.

CLASSIFICATION OF QUALITY STANDARDS

During the  assessment the following classifications, which are
pictorially
illustrated, should apply:

SATISFACTORY

This is a  satisfactory condition which should be achieved and used as
the
standard  for manufacture.

ACCEPTABLE

This condition represents the  maximum acceptable departure from the
"Satisfactory" condition. Examples  within this limit of deviation will
not
require reworking. Individual  clarification accompanies each example
illustration. Consideration should  be given to modification to the
process
materials or  conditions.

UNACCEPTABLE

This applies to an unacceptable  condition which should not be reworked
without the cause of the fault being  established. Rework may be
possible
after assessment of the fault and  corrective action taken on the
process.
Flip Chip/uBGA Underfill Visual  Standards

Satisfactory
The underfill should be visible at the edge  of the device and extend
completely around the  perimeter.

Satisfactory
The underfill should be visible on all four  sides, there may be
evidence of
more material on one or two sides to aid  complete filling of device
base.

Satisfactory
The underfill if by  design should be visible on the side of the device
and
reach a minimum  height of 25% of the thickness of the package.

Satisfactory
The base  of the device should be completely filled with no evidence of 
voids
in the  underfill or solder joints being visible around the perimeter of

the
device.

Satisfactory
Curing of the underfill material should  be compared with the reference
colour standards. Evidence of colour change  illustrates a correctly
cured
sample.

Acceptable
Flow out of  underfill from the device is acceptable provided that it
does
not  completely cover any solder joints. Flow out on to test points,  
through
holes is unacceptable and needs to be reworked and the process
modified.


Acceptable
Small bubbles in the surface of the  underfill fillet is acceptable
provided
that no solder joint is  visible.

Acceptable
Evidence of a needle dispense pattern around the  device is acceptable,
the
width of the pattern should be kept to a  minimum.

Acceptable
The underfill if by design should be visible on  the side of the device
and
reach a height of no less than 20% of the  thickness of the package in
the
centre of any  side.

Acceptable
Underfill fillets which are not visible on the side  of the device are
not
rejectable, however modifications to the dispense  process should be
made

Unacceptable
There is no evidence of  underfill on the top side of the device

Unacceptable
Curing of the  underfill should be compared with the reference colour
standards. No  evidence of colour change is unacceptable.

Unacceptable
The  underfill is not visible along the complete side of any  device

Unacceptable
Solder joints are visible without underfill on  the side of the device

Unacceptable
There should be no evidence of  underfill flowing out through holes
under  
the
device.

Unacceptable
After curing there should be no visual  evidence of cracks between the 
device
surface, underfill or  board.

Unacceptable
There should be no evidence of damage to the  board or device caused by
contact with the dispensing needle or height  sensor.

When using CSAM to asses the underfilling/curing process the  following
criteria may apply:

Satisfactory
Underfill is complete  and there is no evidence of voiding between the 
device
and the  board.

Acceptable
Underfill is complete and there is evidence of  small voids of less than
50%
of the solder bump diameter. There is no  evidence of voids around
solder
joints.

Unacceptable
After curing  there should be no evidence of cracks between the device
surface, underfill  or board.

Unacceptable
Underfill is incomplete and there is evidence  of voids around or
between 
the
solder  joints

Unacceptable
Underfill is complete but there is evidence of  voids which are larger
than
50% of the solder  bump

Unacceptable
Underfill filler shows evidence of separation or  uneven flow and will
expansion matching and affect the long-term  reliability.


Draft Produced by Bob Willis
28/5/2001 Issue  4.


Bob Willis
2 Fourth Ave, Chelmsford, Essex, CM1 4HA  England
Tel: (44) 1245 351502
Fax: (44) 1245 496123
Mobile: 07860  775858
www.ASKbobwillis.com
www.SolderingStandards.com 

PCB  Design for Manufacture & Assembly Workshop 15th  October
www.ASKbobwillis.com 
PCB Inspection & Quality Control  Workshop 3rd November
www.ASKbobwillis.com/faworkshops.pdf
Book Bob's  "Step by Step Failure Analysis Workshop" 4th  November
www.ASKbobwillis.com/faworkshops.pdf
-----Original  Message-----
From: TechNet [mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of Bev  Christian
Sent: 04 June 2009 21:45
To: [log in to unmask]
Subject: Re:  [TN] Underfill Workmanship Pass/fail Criteria Proposal

Bob,
This is  weird. You are the second TechNetter to ask for the draft
document,
which I  posted on TechNet this morning at 11:07 AM EDST.  Here it is  
again.
Bev
RIM


Workmanship Standards for BGA and CSP  Underfills

Target - Class 1,2,3
*    Component requiring  underfill completely underfilled with a good
fillet all the way around, the  fillet just approaching the maximum 
component
body height, completely  cured, no encroachment onto other components
and no
voiding  whatsoever

Acceptable - Class 3
*    At least 50% fillet  height up the side of the component body

*    Small pin holes  and voids are permissible provided they do not
exceed 5% of fillet surface  area and have a maximum diameter of 0.5 mm
(0.020  inches).

Acceptable - Class 1,2
*    Component requiring  underfill underfilled such that all balls are
covered, but no evidence of  an exterior fillet, no encroachment onto
other
components and no voiding  whatsoever

*    Component requiring underfill underfilled  such that all balls are
covered, with or without an exterior fillet, no  encroachment onto other
components and only small voids, not touching any  solder joints

*    Component requiring underfill underfilled  such that all balls are
covered, with or without an exterior fillet, no  encroachment onto other
components and even large voiding, but not touching  any solder joints

*    A void or voids less than or equal to  50% around the perimeter of
one or more solder joints

Defect - Class  1,2,3
*    Underfill completely missing from components where it  is required

*    Underfill not completely covering all the  peripheral solder joints

*    Voiding such that a void  traverses the distance between two or
more
solder joints under the array  device requiring underfill

*    A void or voids more than 50%  around the perimeter of one or more
solder joints

*     Material extending on to the top of the BGA or CSP

*     Uncured material

Special Conditions - Class 1,2
*     Encroachment onto other components, but meeting all other criteria
above  for target or acceptable conditions will be dealt with as a
pass/fail
on a  case-by-case basis

-----Original Message-----
From: TechNet  [mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of bob wettermann
Sent: Thursday, June  04, 2009 4:42 PM
To: [log in to unmask]
Subject: Re: [TN] Underfill  Workmanship Pass/fail Criteria Proposal

Dear Richard:

Pls  send the proposal on to us. We perform underfill rework and this
issue
presents itslf fairly  frequently.

Thanks

Bob  Wettermann
[log in to unmask]

Bob Wettermann
PH  847-767-5745

--- On Thu, 6/4/09, Stadem, Richard D.  <[log in to unmask]>
wrote:


From: Stadem, Richard D.  <[log in to unmask]>
Subject: Re: [TN] Underfill Workmanship  Pass/fail Criteria Proposal
To: [log in to unmask]
Date: Thursday, June 4,  2009, 1:10 PM


I reviewed the proposed items for the standard and I  think it looks
great. I have sent it to several other people directly  involved in BGA,
CSP, and flipchip underfill at various companies in  Minnesota for their
review and will pass on their comments as  well.
Thank you for doing all of this work.

-----Original  Message-----
From: TechNet [mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of Bev  Christian
Sent: Thursday, June 04, 2009 11:43 AM
To:  [log in to unmask]
Subject: Re: [TN] Underfill Workmanship Pass/fail Criteria  Proposal

The doc we are discussing is only for CSPs and BGAs. I did not  want to
try and tackle too much, especially something that: 
a) I don't  know about
b) Has been around a lot longer and might already have a set  of
pass/fail criteria

Bev
RIM

-----Original  Message-----
From: TechNet [mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of David D.  Hillman
Sent: Thursday, June 04, 2009 12:40 PM
To:  [log in to unmask]
Subject: Re: [TN] Underfill Workmanship Pass/fail Criteria  Proposal

Hi Graham - in the words of Sir Doug, "it depends"! Under  most
situations, 
that thin of underfill will have no influence on the  solder joint 
integrity. However, a specific component construction may not  be happy 
with any underfill on its top causing issues. The simple way to  avoid
the 
question is to not allow underfill on the top of the BGA or  CSP. I
can't

speak for a flip chip as I don't have any underfill  experience in that 
realm.

Dave



Graham Collins  <[log in to unmask]> 
Sent by: TechNet  <[log in to unmask]>
06/04/2009 11:20 AM
Please respond to
TechNet  E-Mail Forum <[log in to unmask]>; Please respond  to
[log in to unmask]


To
[log in to unmask]
cc

Subject
Re:  [TN] Underfill Workmanship Pass/fail Criteria  Proposal






Absolutely.  If material interferes  with installing heatsinks, it's
unacceptable.  But that would be true  also of other methods like corner
bonding.

My question: would a thin  film of underfill material, say a thou or
two,
on a small section (say 15%  of the top area) of a BGA have any impact
to
reliability?  I am not  talking about having big globs of the stuff on
top (although I still wonder  how that would influence reliability).

In terms of impacting  reliability, I think a more important criteria
would be that the underfill  be even volume on each side (so the part
would be underfilled reasonably  symmetrically).  Same size fillets on
opposing  sides.

regards,
- Graham

-----Original Message-----
From:  [log in to unmask] [mailto:[log in to unmask]] 
Sent:  Thursday, June 04, 2009 1:12 PM
To: [log in to unmask]; Collins, Graham (FN) @  ESI
Subject: RE: [TN] Underfill Workmanship Pass/fail Criteria  Proposal

Too much material over the top of the component many add  uncalculated
thickness when installing a heat  sinks.

Vic,

-----Original Message-----
From: TechNet  [mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of Graham Collins
Sent: Thursday, June  04, 2009 11:01 AM
To: [log in to unmask]
Subject: Re: [TN] Underfill  Workmanship Pass/fail Criteria Proposal

How?  And to what  extent??  Would a tiny bit of underfill on one corner
hurt the  reliability?  Are you talking about big lumps of underfill, or
a thin  skin? 

The underfill we use is pretty thin, runs everywhere if allowed  to, and
will form a thin coating on top if it gets there.  

regards,
- Graham

-----Original Message-----
From:  TechNet [mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of Stadem, Richard D.
Sent:  Thursday, June 04, 2009 12:41 PM
To: [log in to unmask]
Subject: Re: [TN]  Underfill Workmanship Pass/fail Criteria Proposal

Yes, having some on  top of the component hurts the reliability.

-----Original  Message-----
From: TechNet [mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of Graham  Collins
Sent: Thursday, June 04, 2009 10:27 AM
To:  [log in to unmask]
Subject: Re: [TN] Underfill Workmanship Pass/fail Criteria  Proposal

Hi Bev
Why would material on the component top be  considered a defect?
Process
indicator I can see, but does it impact  reliability?

regards,
- Graham

-----Original  Message-----
From: TechNet [mailto:[log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of Bev  Christian
Sent: Thursday, June 04, 2009 12:07 PM
To:  [log in to unmask]
Subject: [TN] Underfill Workmanship Pass/fail Criteria  Proposal

TechNetters,
OK after speaking to a couple of industry  friends, this is what we have
come up with. I will leave it to them to  speak up and identify
themselves, if they wish.  I have written this  up in IPC-A-610 format
and have tried to cover all situations for Class 2  and 3 products in
particular. 

If we can nail this, I would like to  present this to the IPC as the
first IPC draft doc essentially hammered out  by out TechNet community.

Comments readily  accepted!
Bev
RIM


Workmanship Standards for BGA and CSP  Underfills

Target - Class 1,2,3
*           Component requiring underfill completely  underfilled
with 
a good
fillet all the way around, the fillet just  approaching the maximum
component body height, completely cured, no  encroachment onto other
components and no voiding  whatsoever

Acceptable - Class 3
*           At least 50% fillet height up the side of the  component

body

*               Small pin holes and voids are permissible provided they

do  not
exceed 5% of fillet surface area and have a maximum diameter of 0.5  mm
(0.020 inches).

Acceptable - Class 1,2
*       Component requiring underfill underfilled  such that all

balls
are covered, but no evidence of an exterior  fillet, no encroachment
onto
other components and no voiding  whatsoever

*                 Component requiring underfill underfilled such that
all

balls
are  covered, with or without an exterior fillet, no encroachment onto
other  components and only small voids, not touching any solder joints

*   Component requiring underfill  underfilled such that all

balls
are covered, with or without an  exterior fillet, no encroachment onto
other components and even large  voiding, but not touching any solder
joints

*       A void or voids less than or equal to 50%  around the 
perimeter
of one or more solder joints

Defect - Class  1,2,3
*                Underfill  completely missing from components where it
is
required

*   Underfill not completely  covering all the peripheral 
solder
joints

*       Voiding such that a void traverses the  distance between

two or
more solder joints under the array device  requiring underfill

*               A void or voids more than 50% around the perimeter of
one  
or
more solder joints

*             Material extending on to the top of the BGA or  CSP

*                Uncured  material

Special Conditions - Class 1,2
*         Encroachment onto other components, but meeting  all
other
criteria above for target or acceptable conditions will be  dealt with
as
a pass/fail on a case-by-case  basis

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**************Mortgage rates dropped. Record lows. $200,000 for
$1,029/mo 
Fixed. LendingTree(r) 
(http://pr.atwola.com/promoclk/100126575x1222627882x1201465404/aol?redir
=http:%2F%2Fwww.lendingtree.com%2Fborrower%2Falliance%2Ffrom.a
sp%3Fwhereto%3Dpromopagev3%26promo%3D00279%26loan%5Ftype%3D2%26source%3D
2889
570%26esourceid%3D2889570%26800num%3D1%2D800%2D289%2D3915%26AdType%3D2)

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