Ed

I would really like to know the mechanism and reason leading to Black
Pad. I mean not just how often one has to change the bath or replenish
it or the movement of the sauces in the plating bath etc. Does someone
have a clue what happens in the metallurgy and why?

Best regards
Guenter



EMPA
Swiss Federal Laboratories  for Materials Testing and Research
Centre for Reliability
Guenter Grossmann,  Senior Engineer

8600 Duebendorf
Switzerland

Phone: xx41 1 823 4279
Fax :     xx41 1 823 4054
mail:     [log in to unmask]

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