Sofu: Iron contamination at 70ppm will not cause LCD dullness. It will
create dull LCD deposits in the 800-1000ppm range and above.

If the main constituents are in balance, I would suspect organic
contamination, anode polarization or insufficient brightener.

A couple of things to consider:
1.How do you verify the brightener is at the proper concentration? Most
brightener systems are multi-component and must be kept in balance. Are you
using CVS, Hull cells, chromatography? Obviously low brightener will cause
dullness. You can usually 2X the brightener concentration without affecting
the deposit.

2.Take a look at your anodes, the film should have a black uniform velvety
appearance. The anode bags should be clean and free of any build up on the
bottom. Make sure the anode material is of sufficient size and not de-plated
done to nothing. You don't want anode nuggets plated down to the size of pea
gravel or slab anodes that look like spears or dog bones.

3. Check your chloride PPM, low chloride as well as high chloride will cause
dullness. The high chloride will also show up as a white-gray film on your
anodes.

4. Are you properly(off line)batch carbon treating the bath and not just
running it thru some carbon packs in your filter chamber?

There are many things that will cause LCD dullness those mentioned above are
some of the most common.


Regards

Michael Barmuta

Staff Engineer

Fluke Corp.

Everett WA

425-446-6076

-----Original Message-----
From: Sencer Sofuoglu [mailto:[log in to unmask]]
Sent: Friday, March 14, 2003 12:39 PM
To: [log in to unmask]
Subject: [TN] Iron for Electrolytic Copper Plating


Hello,

We see some dullness at low current density area and I consider that one of
the reasons can be iron concentration. Current concentration is 70ppm. What
kind of Iron concentrations do you control your bath? What would be the
result of high or low iron concentrations? Any comment appreciated.

Regards,

Sofu

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