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August 2001

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Subject:
From:
"<Rudy Sedlak>" <[log in to unmask]>
Reply To:
TechNet E-Mail Forum.
Date:
Wed, 22 Aug 2001 16:51:03 EDT
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Bill:

Also remember there is ELECTROLESS Gold....as well as electrolytic, and
immersion....and to answer your question, and another question on the forum
in the same message....
ABOUT PLATING...ELECTROLYTIC, ELECTROLESS & IMMERSION...

All plating means to convert (in chemical terms "reduce") a metal in
solution, also referred to as a metal "ion", to the solid metal.  This means
transfering electrons to the metal ion in solution...this is true for ALL
plating.

The difference in the different kinds of plating is the source of the
electrons.

Electroplating (electrolytic) supplies the electrons from something the
industry refers to as a rectifier...which could also be regarded as an
"electron pump".

In Electroless plating the electrons are supplied by another chemical in
solution, in the case of Electroless Nickel, it is Hypophophite, (which,
incidentally, is why these deposits also contain some Phosphorus.

In Immersion plating, the electrons are supplied by the substrate dissolving,
and donating its electrons to the metal being plated....in other words, the
Electroless Nickel (a little bit) goes back into solution to cause the
(Immersion)Gold to plate.

Note, that with electroless plating there is theoretically NO limit on the
thickness you can deposit...and in fact, you can get real thick, if you can
wait long enough....so, Bill, you can get more than enough Gold using
electroless Gold, although you for sure cannot using immersion Gold.

In Immersion Plating, as soon as the substrate metal (in the case we are
referring to here, it is the Nickel) is covered, plating stops.  This is why
Immersion Gold never gets beyond 10 microinches thick.

And lastly, understand, that there are only some kinds of plating baths for
certain metals.  There are VERY few metals that, like Gold, can be either
electroplated, electroless plated, or immersion plated.

Are we all bored with this now?

Rudy Sedlak
RD Chemical Company

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