Brian,
Liquid water has a complex structure. The water molecule is bipolar in
nature and thus creates columbic bonds( the positive hydrogen atoms in the
molecule give one end of the molecule a positive charge). These bonds
create chains of water molecules that reduce the active bonding points
available to grab other substances into solution. The length of these
chains is proportional to the temperature of the water. This effect causes
ice to float. Liquid water is densest about 4 degrees Centigrade because
the order created by these chains is the greatest. Below this temperature
water starts to crystallize. Above this temperature the chains get shorter.
The chains get shorter the higher the temperature of the water, until at
boiling( liquid to gas transition) the chain is down to a single molecule.
The alternating magnetic field breaks up these chains to reveal more
columbic bonding locations so that the liquid water actually has a higher
solubility activity.
Ken Stephens
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Brian Ellis [mailto:[log in to unmask]]
> Sent: Tuesday, February 15, 2000 12:25 AM
> To: [log in to unmask]
> Cc: [log in to unmask]
> Subject: Re: [TN] PWB CLEANING SOLVENTS
>
>
> Kenneth
>
> I am very sceptical of this. The only effect I could see it
> having would be to heat the
> water somewhat, depending on the energy consumed, through eddy
> currents. If the
> frequency were high enough, it is conceivable that the
> equilibrium of H+ and OH- ions
> may be increased, which may make the water, when actually in the
> magnetic field, more
> reactive, but it would return to normal within milliseconds as
> soon as the water left
> the magnetic field. I think I would class this pretty much in the
> same category as
> placing magnets round a copper pipe to prevent lime scale from forming!
>
> If anyone has further details to allay my scepticism, I would
> welcome them.
>
> Brian
>
> Kenneth Stephens wrote:
>
> > Has anyone tried adding a stage to their DI water where it
> passes through a
> > strong alternating magnetic field? This process would increase the
> > solubility of the water. I read some reports in the early 1980s where
> > Soviet Pulp Mills were using this process to remove scale in
> their tanks.
> >
> > Just a wonderment.
> >
> > \----------------------\
> > \ Kenneth G. Stephens \
> > \ President \
> > CAD--->CAD 2 CAM, Inc. >---CAM
> > / www.cad2cam.com /
> > / 503-246-4692 /
> > /----------------------/
> >
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: TechNet [mailto:[log in to unmask]]On Behalf Of Pat Kane
> > > Sent: Monday, February 14, 2000 5:48 AM
> > > To: [log in to unmask]
> > > Subject: Re: [TN] PWB CLEANING SOLVENTS
> > >
> > >
> > > Douglas
> > >
> > > Our evaluations of cleaning OA fluxes with DI water only, has
> shown that
> > > there are still corrosive residual levels of contaminants left on the
> > > surfaces of the PCB. These corrosive residues have direct
> impact on field
> > > performance of your product. When the DI water is heated,
> the levels do
> > > decrease slightly but the residues are still present at
> levels that pose a
> > > risk of electromigration and field failures. The addition of
> a saponifier
> > > substantially reduces the residues to acceptable levels.
> Many people have
> > > added heating systems to the DI water and attempted to eliminate the
> > > saponifier as a cost reducing measure, only to find the resulting
> > > cleanliness
> > > levels are too high and the product is at risk for field failure.
> > >
> > > Generally, we recommend a customer evaluate the cleaning process by
> > > performing a baseline assessment of their current activity before
> > > any changes
> > > are made in the cleaning process or flux selection. This gives a
> > > reference
> > > point to evaluate the impact of subsequent changes. Evaluations with
> > > customers have shown that the combination of hot DI water in
> addition to
> > > using a saponifier have proven to be the best at removing
> > > processing residues
> > > to acceptable levels. Subsequent evaluation can be made at
> this point to
> > > determine the concentration level of saponifier required in your
> > > process to
> > > achieve adequate cleaning.
> > >
> > > Hope this helps. If you need more information, please
> contact me off line
> > > for more information.
> > >
> > > Regards,
> > >
> > > Pat Kane
> > > Technical Sales Manager
> > > Contamination Studies Laboratories
> > > 765-457-8095
> > >
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>
> --
> Brian Ellis
> Protonique SA
> PO Box 78
> CH-1032 Romanel-sur-Lausanne, Switzerland
> Voice: +41 21-648 23 34 Fax: +41 21-648 24 11
> E-mail: [log in to unmask]
> URL: Technical and consultancy divisions:
> http://www.protonique.com
> Web services division:
> http://www.protonique.com/webserv
>
>
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